Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv hauv chemistry piv txwv?
** Taw qhia
Chemistry yog kev tshawb fawb uas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom, tus cwj pwm, thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov teeb meem. Teeb meem, hauv cov ntsiab lus no, hais txog txhua yam uas muaj huab hwm coj thiab siv qhov chaw. Nws yog lub hauv paus tsev thaiv ntawm txhua yam uas peb pom nyob ib ncig ntawm peb, los ntawm cov microscopic hais uas ua li atoms mus rau complex qauv ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Hauv chemistry, peb kawm txog cov khoom thiab kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab seb lawv cuam tshuam li cas rau ib leeg.
**Definition of Material
Hauv chemistry, cov khoom siv yog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom sib txawv lossis cov khoom sib txuas uas muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem yog khoom, kua, lossis roj, thiab lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los yog tsim los ntawm tib neeg. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam khoom sib txawv, suav nrog nws cov xim, kev ntxhib los mos, thermal conductivity, hluav taws xob conductivity, thiab cov khoom sib nqus. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim siab seb lawv ua haujlwm li cas hauv ib puag ncig thiab siv lawv li cas hauv kev siv sib txawv.
** Yam khoom siv
Muaj ntau ntau yam khoom siv hauv chemistry, thiab lawv tuaj yeem raug cais raws li lawv cov khoom, qauv, thiab cov khoom. Qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau suav nrog:
1. Cov hlau: Cov no yog cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom siv hlau, xws li luster, malleability, thiab conductivity. Piv txwv ntawm cov hlau muaj xws li tooj liab, kub, thiab hlau.
2. Polymers: Cov no yog cov molecules loj uas yog tsim los ntawm kev rov ua dua cov chav me me. Polymers tuaj yeem yog ntuj, xws li cov proteins lossis DNA, lossis hluavtaws, xws li cov yas.
3. Ceramics: Cov no yog cov khoom siv tsis zoo uas feem ntau yog tawv, nkig, thiab tiv taus cua sov thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Piv txwv ntawm ceramics muaj xws li iav thiab ceramics siv hauv kev lag luam.
4. Composites: Cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom muaj xws li fiberglass thiab carbon fiber.
** Cov khoom siv
Cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau yam khoom uas txiav txim siab lawv tus cwj pwm thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv kev siv sib txawv. Qee qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom muaj xws li:
1. Thermal Conductivity: Qhov no yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los ua cua sov. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov thermal conductivity siab, xws li hlau, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob.
2. Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Qhov no yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, xws li tooj liab, yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam kev siv.
3. Cov khoom sib nqus: Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem sib nqus lossis tsis sib nqus, nyob ntawm seb lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov qauv. Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum, xws li hlau, yog siv rau ntau yam kev siv, nrog rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov motors.
4. Chemical Reactivity: Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem raug tshuaj lom neeg nrog lwm cov tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lawv cov khoom thiab tus cwj pwm. Kev nkag siab txog cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam sib txawv, nrog rau chemistry thiab cov ntaub ntawv science.
** Kev siv cov khoom siv
Cov khoom siv yog siv dav hauv kev siv ntau yam, los ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim khoom mus rau tshuaj thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qee qhov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv suav nrog:
1. Kev tsim kho: Cov khoom siv xws li pob zeb, hlau, thiab ntoo yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, txuas hniav, thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
2. Kev tsim khoom: Cov khoom siv xws li yas thiab hlau yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom los tsim ntau yam khoom siv, los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob mus rau tsheb.
3. Biomedical: Cov ntaub ntawv siv ntau yam kev siv biomedical, suav nrog kev cog qoob loo, kev xa tshuaj, thiab cov khoom siv kho mob.
4. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: Cov khoom siv xws li silicon thiab tooj liab yog siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog microchips thiab Circuit Court boards.
** Lus xaus
Hauv kev xaus, cov ntaub ntawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub ntiaj teb, thiab chemistry yog kev tshawb fawb uas pab peb nkag siab txog cov khoom thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Los ntawm cov hlau thiab polymers mus rau ceramics thiab composites, cov khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txiav txim seb lawv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig thiab yuav ua li cas lawv yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov. Nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev vam meej hauv ntau qhov sib txawv.