Dab tsi yog 10 piv txwv ntawm kev phom sij tshuaj lom neeg?
Tshuaj lom neeg yog hais txog cov khoom uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv lossis ib puag ncig. Ntau yam tshuaj tau ntsib tsis tu ncua hauv peb lub neej niaj hnub, xws li hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, thiab chaw tsim khoom. Kev nkag siab txog ntau hom kev phom sij yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo. Kab lus no yog npaj los piav qhia thiab sib tham txog kaum qhov piv txwv ntawm kev phom sij tshuaj lom neeg.
1. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov uas ntes hluav taws yooj yim thaum raug rau qhov hluav taws kub. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qhov flashpoint tsawg thiab tuaj yeem tso tawm cov vapors sai sai. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj xws li roj av, cawv, cov kuab tshuaj, thiab qee yam roj. Kev tuav, khaws cia, thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab tawg.
2. Cov tshuaj corrosive
Cov tshuaj corrosive yog cov tshuaj reactive heev uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob thaum sib cuag. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab, qhov muag puas, thiab txawm tias cov hlau yaj. Cov piv txwv muaj xws li cov kua qaub muaj zog (xws li sulfuric acid) thiab cov hauv paus (xws li sodium hydroxide). Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej kom raug (PPE) yuav tsum tau hnav thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj corrosive.
3. Cov tshuaj lom
Cov tshuaj lom yog cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob lossis tuag taus yog tias noj, nqus, lossis nqus los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Lawv cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem physiological nyob rau hauv lub cev, ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj los yog kab mob toxicity. Cov tshuaj xws li tshuaj tua kab, cov hlau hnyav (xws li txhuas thiab mercury), qee cov tshuaj ntxuav tu, thiab cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj tshuaj lom heev.
4. Carcinogens
Carcinogens yog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav thaum raug lossis siv sijhawm ntev. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces lossis cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm tes, ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tsis muaj zog. Piv txwv ntawm cov carcinogens paub muaj xws li asbestos, benzene, formaldehyde, thiab ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj. Cov kev cai nruj thiab kev tiv thaiv yog tsim nyog los txo qhov raug.
5. Kev phom sij ua pa
Kev phom sij ua pa suav nrog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij thaum nqus tau. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws ua pa, ua rau lub ntsws puas, lossis ua rau ua pa nyuaj. Kev phom sij ua pa feem ntau yog cov hmoov av (piv txwv li, silica, asbestos), gases (xws li chlorine thiab ammonia), thiab qee cov pa taws (xws li, vuam fumes, hnyav fumes). Kev ua pa kom raug thiab kev tiv thaiv ua pa yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txo cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cov kev phom sij no.
6. Cov khoom tawg
Cov ntaub ntawv tawg muaj peev xwm tso tawm ntau lub zog ntawm lub zog tam sim ntawd thiab ua nruj ua tsiv. Lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm tshav kub, poob siab, lossis kev sib txhuam. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom tawg muaj xws li dynamite, foob pob hluav taws, thiab qee yam khoom siv tshuaj. Cov kev cai nruj me ntsis, tshwj xeeb cia, tuav cov txheej txheem, thiab kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo.
7. Oxidizers
Oxidizers xa mus rau cov khoom uas tuaj yeem pib lossis txhim kho kev sib txuas thaum sib cuag nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lawv tso cov pa oxygen thiab txhawb kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws. Cov oxidizers muaj xws li hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, thiab ntau yam nitrates. Kev tuav thiab khaws cia kom zoo yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thaum cuam tshuam nrog oxidizers.
8. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv tshuaj sai, feem ntau nrog los ntawm kev tso tawm cov cua sov, roj cua, lossis lwm yam khoom los ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Lawv tuaj yeem hnov mob hnyav thaum raug rau cov khoom siv tsis sib xws lossis cov xwm txheej, ua rau tawg, hluav taws kub, lossis tsim cov tshuaj lom. Piv txwv suav nrog cov tshuaj muaj zog oxidizing, peroxides, thiab cov tshuaj tsis ruaj khov xws li picric acid. Ua tib zoo tuav thiab cais tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb.
9. Asphyxiants
Asphyxiants yog cov khoom uas cuam tshuam cov pa oxygen los yog cuam tshuam nrog nws txoj kev siv, ua rau oxygen deprivation thiab suffocation. Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov asphyxiants yooj yim (piv txwv li, nitrogen, helium) thiab tshuaj asphyxiants (xws li, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide). Kev ua pa kom zoo thiab kev saib xyuas yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej asphyxiation hauv qhov chaw kaw lossis qhov chaw tsis zoo.
10. Kev khaus khaus
Irritants yog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob, liab, khaus, lossis mob thaum sib cuag nrog cov ntaub so ntswg. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij, qhov muag, ua pa, lossis kab mob plab. Piv txwv suav nrog qee cov kua qaub, alkalis, ammonia, thiab qee cov kuab tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txo qhov raug thiab hnav cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsim nyog thaum tuav cov khaus khaus.
Hauv kev xaus, tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij suav nrog ntau yam khoom uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Kev paub txog ntau hom tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog, suav nrog cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb, kev cia kom zoo, qhov cua txaus, thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej. Los ntawm kev nkag siab thiab tswj cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, peb tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab noj qab nyob zoo rau peb tus kheej thiab cov tiam tom ntej.