Taw qhia
Cov tshuaj muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw - tsis yog hauv cov chaw sim thiab cov chaw tsim khoom xwb, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov huab cua peb ua pa, dej peb haus, thiab cov zaub mov peb noj. Txawm li cas los xij, "cov tshuaj" feem ntau nkag siab tsis zoo raws li cov lus sib piv rau qee yam khoom siv los yog teeb meem. Hauv kev muaj tiag, cov tshuaj tsuas yog cov tshuaj uas muaj cov ntsiab lus txhais, thiab lawv tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis txiv neej- tsim.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb rhuav tshem peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj -organic, inorganic, thiabbiochemical- thiab piav qhia qhov ua rau txhua tus sib txawv.
Peb hom ntawm ib nrais muag
| Hom | Ntsiab lus | Piv txwv |
|---|---|---|
| Organic | Carbon + hydrogen | Glucose, proteins, kuab tshuaj |
| Inorganic | Hlau, minerals, ntsev | Dej, ntsev, sulfuric acid |
| Biochemical | Ua los ntawm cov tsiaj muaj sia | Cov tshuaj hormones, enzymes, neurotransmitters |
1. Cov tshuaj lom neeg
Organic chemicals yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawmcarbon atoms bonded rau hydrogen, thiab feem ntau rau oxygen, nitrogen, los yog sulfur. Lawv tsim lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov paub lub neej - los ntawm ib leeg - cov kab mob ntawm tes mus rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu.
Glucose, proteins, rog, thiab nucleic acids yog cov organic. Yog li ntawd muaj ntau yam kuab tshuaj, plastics, thiab fuels. Organic chemicals kuj yog qhov pib ntawm feem ntauindustrial chemicalssiv hauv kev tsim khoom.
Tsis yog tag nrho cov tshuaj organic tsis muaj teeb meem. Cov tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab qee cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom yog tias siv tsis raug. Kev tuav thiab pov tseg kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb.
2. Cov tshuaj inorganic
Cov tshuaj inorganic uatsis yogmuaj cov pa roj carbon-hydrogen bonds. Lawv tsim los ntawm cov khoom xws li oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, thiab hlau, thiab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pob zeb, minerals, dej, thiab huab cua.
Piv txwv xws li dej (H₂O), ntsev (NaCl), carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), thiab ammonia (NH₃). Ntaucov khoom siv tshuajsiv hauv roj teeb, chiv, thiab kev tsim kho yog inorganic.
Qee cov tshuaj inorganic ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Cov hlau hnyav xws li txhuas, mercury, thiab cadmium tuaj yeem sib sau hauv lub cev thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntev. Lawv siv yog nruj nruj tswj hwm.
3. Biochemicals
Biochemicals yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj organic uas tsim los ntawm lossis koom nrog cov kab mob nyob. Lawv ua raws lisignals, messengers, thiab catalystsnyob rau hauv biological systems.
Piv txwv xws li cov tshuaj hormones (insulin), neurotransmitters (dopamine), thiab enzymes. Lawv tswj cov metabolism, mus ob peb vas, kev loj hlob, thiab suav tsis tau lwm yam dej num. Biochemicals tau dav siv hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kev tsim tshuaj, thiab ntau yam tau muab los uabiochemical reagentsrau kev tshawb fawb.
Hauv cov tshuaj, ntsuas qib biochemical hauv cov ntshav lossis zis pab kuaj mob xws li ntshav qab zib, kab mob plawv, thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
Cov lus nug nquag
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Q1. Cov dej puas yog cov organic lossis inorganic tshuaj? Dej (H₂O) yoginorganicvim nws tsis muaj carbon-hydrogen bonds. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj inorganic tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. |
Q2. Puas yog tag nrho cov organic chemicals ntuj? Tsis yog. Cov tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem yog ntuj (xws li qabzib) lossis hluavtaws (xws li ntau cov yas thiab cov kuab tshuaj). "Organic" yog hais txog carbon-raws li qauv, tsis yog keeb kwm. |
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Q3. Vim li cas biochemicals tseem ceeb hauv tshuaj? Biochemicals tswj cov txheej txheem lom neeg. Kev ntsuas lawv qib pab txheeb xyuas cov kab mob, thiab ntau yam tshuaj yog tsim los ua kom zoo los yog thaiv lawv cov kev ua. |
Txawm hais tias koj tab tom nrhiav cov organic solvents, inorganic reagents, lossis biochemicals rau kev tshawb fawb,hu rau Alfa Chemicalrau ib nqe lus thiab batch - tshwj xeeb COA.
QHOV CHAW UA HAUJ LWM